Essential Questions
Why did nationalism become, in one way or another an almost universal faith in Europe and the United States between 1850 and 1914?
How did nationalism evolve so that it appealed not only to predominately middle-class liberals, but also to the broad masses of society?
How did nationalism evolve so that it appealed not only to predominately middle-class liberals, but also to the broad masses of society?
Key Terms
Bloody Sunday - massacre of peaceful protesters at Winters Square in St. Petersberg in 1905 that turned ordinary workers against the tsar and produced a wave of general indignation
Duma - Russian parliament opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but with absolute veto power from the tsar
Dreyfus Affair - a divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-semites against Dreyfus; because of this, the French government severed all ties between the state and church.
Homestead Act - result of the American Civil War that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing the concept of free labor in a market economy
Kulturkampf - struggle for civilization, Bismarks attack on the Catholic church resulting from Pius IXs declaration of papal infallibility in 1870
Modernization - the changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading countries at a given time
October Manifesto - the result of a great general strike in October 1905, it granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma (parliament) with real legislative power
Peoples Budget - proposed after the liberal party came to power in England in 1906 and vetoed by the lords, it was designed to increase spending on social welfare issues
Red Shirts - guerrilla army of Guiseppe Girabaldi who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate it and won the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry
Reichstag - the popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1871
Revisionism - an effort by various socialists to update Marxian doctrines to reflect the realities of the time
Revolutions of 1905 - result of discontent from Russian factory workers and peasants as well as an emerging nationalist sentiment among the empires minorities
Zemstvo - a new institution of local government in reformed Russia, whose members were elected by a three-class system of towns, peasant villages, and noble landowners
Zionism - movement toward Jewish political nationhood, started by Theodor Herzl
Zollverein - German customs union founded in 1834 to stimulate trade and increase the revenues of member states
Duma - Russian parliament opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but with absolute veto power from the tsar
Dreyfus Affair - a divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-semites against Dreyfus; because of this, the French government severed all ties between the state and church.
Homestead Act - result of the American Civil War that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing the concept of free labor in a market economy
Kulturkampf - struggle for civilization, Bismarks attack on the Catholic church resulting from Pius IXs declaration of papal infallibility in 1870
Modernization - the changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading countries at a given time
October Manifesto - the result of a great general strike in October 1905, it granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma (parliament) with real legislative power
Peoples Budget - proposed after the liberal party came to power in England in 1906 and vetoed by the lords, it was designed to increase spending on social welfare issues
Red Shirts - guerrilla army of Guiseppe Girabaldi who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate it and won the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry
Reichstag - the popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1871
Revisionism - an effort by various socialists to update Marxian doctrines to reflect the realities of the time
Revolutions of 1905 - result of discontent from Russian factory workers and peasants as well as an emerging nationalist sentiment among the empires minorities
Zemstvo - a new institution of local government in reformed Russia, whose members were elected by a three-class system of towns, peasant villages, and noble landowners
Zionism - movement toward Jewish political nationhood, started by Theodor Herzl
Zollverein - German customs union founded in 1834 to stimulate trade and increase the revenues of member states